Which file system allows for detailed access management through ACLs?

The file system that allows for detailed access management through Access Control Lists (ACLs) is NTFS. NTFS, or New Technology File System, is designed to provide robust file system features, including advanced security mechanisms. It allows administrators to define permissions for individual users or groups on a per-file and per-directory basis, offering a granular level of control over who can access or modify files and folders.

This capability is particularly beneficial in environments where sensitive data needs to be protected and where different users may require different levels of access. NTFS supports a variety of permissions such as read, write, modify, and delete, which can be customized thoroughly via ACLs.

While EXT4 also supports some level of permissions and can utilize ACLs, NTFS is generally more feature-rich in terms of access control capabilities, making it the go-to choice for environments requiring detailed access management. APFS offers some features appropriate for modern applications but is generally not as widely used in enterprise environments as NTFS for detailed access management. FAT32 does not support ACLs, making it unsuitable for scenarios that require detailed file and folder permissions.