Which of the following configurations allows users to use their own hardware and software resources while connected to a centralized server?

Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) allows users to utilize their own hardware and software resources while connected to a centralized server. In a VDI setup, a virtual desktop environment is hosted on a server, and users connect to it over the network using their devices. This configuration offers users the flexibility to access their virtual desktops from various devices, maintaining their personalized settings and applications.

VDI is particularly advantageous because it centralizes management and security, allowing for easier updates and maintenance. Users can benefit from their preferred device capabilities while still leveraging the powerful resources of the centralized server, which may include higher processing power, storage, and access to enterprise applications. This allows for a more consistent user experience while ensuring that data security and compliance are maintained.

The other options present different scenarios. Thin client architecture focuses primarily on lightweight devices that rely heavily on a central server for computing power, which does not necessarily allow for the full use of individual hardware and software resources. Remote server instance typically refers to virtual servers that may not provide the user-focused, customizable environment that VDI offers. An application service provider delivers specific applications over the internet, but it doesn't involve users using their own hardware and software resources in the same way that VDI does.